Composition

Composition is important to create an image that is appealing to the eye and draws the viewer on a journey around the image towards the focal point.There are multiple types of Compositions that can be used to create such an image.
Rule of Thirds: Divides the image into thirds, and where these lines cross, gives 4 focus points.
Divine Proportion: This is creating a perfect swirl that draws the eye to the focus point
The "L": Frame within a frame
The Cross: Vertical Leading line and horizontal is the stopped. Usually the main focus will be on the leading line and the stopper line will show a contrast in colour or light (e.g. top half show lots of light with little shadow, bottom lots of shadow with little light.
Iconic: This composition is used a lot for hero poses, it pulls focus straight into the centre on multiple angles.

Below are 3 images by the artist Loish, each showing a different style of composition.

This image shows the rule of thirds, two thirds make up  the surreal arms and tentacles, and the main focus of the sleeping girl takes up the final third. Her face appears in the top right section which the eye is naturally drawn to.

 Here, Loish has used an "L" composition, with the buildings towering and framing the main focus of the boy jumping.

This is a good example of an Iconic composition. The bottom of the top diamond framers her face almost perfectly. The peacock, the girls body angle and upper arms follow the diagonal line, and lower arms follow opposing angled lines almost perfectly. Even the bottom of the jacket flicks out to follow the angle of diagonal line.

Bibliography
http://loish.net/